Information systems.

Information Systems (IS) have been developed since the 1950s, with the function of collecting data, processing it, storing and obtaining information to help in decision-making, which are essential for any organization (Brito, 2021 ). The System is a set of interconnected components that operate together with a certain purpose (Alter, 1999). In IS we can find a purpose, a boundary, an environment, a set of inputs and outputs (Alter, 1999). Organizations using Information Systems become more competitive.

In an increasingly global world, organizations have to adapt to IS and ICT.

The information age of the 21st century is marked by the rapid advancement of ICT. The proliferation of mobile devices, the rise of social networks and the expansion of the “ Internet of Things ” (IoT) have made communication and access to information easier than ever. Furthermore, we have seen the development of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data , Blockchain , Machine Learning among others, opening up new possibilities for the way humans interact with technology.

Processing large volumes of data is a very complex and demanding task, requiring a large computational infrastructure to ensure successful data processing and analysis (Hashem et al., 2014). The advantage of collecting large amounts of data includes creating hidden insights and patterns through data analysis (Hashem et al., 2014). Taking into account the variety, speed and value of data.

The figure below demonstrates the numerous categories of Big Data and its five classifications, namely: data sources, content format, data storage, data stage and data processing.

Source: The rise of “big data” on cloud computing: Review and open research issues (Hashem et al., 2014, p. 101)